MY THESIS
THE EFFECT OF THE PROBLEM WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
0. ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THESIS STATEMENT
3. POSITIVE EFFECT
4. NEGATIVE EFFECT
5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCE
0. ABSTRACT
This is the comprehensive study of hard working student at the Iqra Development Academy, an individual activity study of major subject System and Organization Controls 1.
1.INTRODUCTION
Introduction
One of the most pressing problems in the world today is the escalation of solid waste generated due to an increasing population, leading to the deterioration of the environment. Based on the “World Population Data Sheet,” (Motavilli et al. 2005) there will be a 46 percent increase in worldwide population to about nine billion from 2005 to 2050..
This paper describes the increasing trend of solid waste generation in most developing countries.
discuss the different definitions and views on waste, the factors that contributed to the accelerating volume of waste generated. and the hazardous effects of waste on the environment and human health. Because of this trend, the search for effective and sustainable solid waste management strategies to address problems on waste has become a challenge 10 most countries. The paper shows that despite some hurdles, there are some municipalities which have been able to develop innovative approaches in addressing solid waste management problems in their localities. The rest of the paper describes how participation and community mobilization can be an effective means to address solid waste management in most developing countries. The discussion focuses on the Philippine setting particularly in Los Baños, Laguna, one of the model towns in solid waste management in the Philippines
This Research also shows that developing countries are more affected than developed countries due to a lack of resources to purchase advanced and expensive technologies to support waste management activities. Most waste workers in developing countries are not protected from direct contact and injury.
The disposal of hazardous and medical wastes mixed with municipal wastes poses a serious health threat. In Asia, it is reported that urban areas spend about US$25 billion on solid waste management per year. It is projected that this figure will double by 2025 (18RD/WB 1999). Thus, a growing population trend means that it will add more stress to the region’s limited financial resources and inadequate waste management systems especially in developing countries. During the past decades, both developed and developing countries have continued to introduce and implement different technologies and strategies to address this problem of waste. However, despite government efforts to address this concern,many municipalities still have difficulty managing the growing volume of solid waste in their localities.
2. THESIS STATEMENT
The Philippines grapples with unsustainable plastic production/consumption and insufficient solid waste management infrastructure. A staggering 2.7 million tons of plastic waste are generated in the Philippines each year, and an estimated 20 percent ends up in the ocean. Waste management suffers from a pervasive under-pricing, which means that the costs of waste management are not fully appreciated by consumers and industry, and waste disposal is preferred over other options. Few waste treatment options are available to manage waste and so they are more expensive than landfill costs.
3. POSITIVE EFFECT
Reducing waste will not only protect the environment but will also save on costs or reduce expenses for disposal. In the same way, recycling and/or reusing the waste that is produced benefits the environment by lessening the need to extract resources and lowers the potential for contamination.
Landfill pollution There is a lack of proper on-site waste management in most landfills.This issue increases leachate, which is the liquid formed when waste breaks down in the landfill.
This liquid is highly toxic and can pollute land, groundwater, and waterways. The next issue is greenhouse gasses. When organic material like food scraps are sent to landfills, they are covered by other trash.The food waste then breaks down in an anaerobic process, which releases methane a greenhouse gas, 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Methane is also a flammable gas that can become dangerous if allowed to build up in concentration. Yikes.
In addition, laws and regulations that deal with the operations of landfills are often slack.
4. NEGATIVE EFFECT
Bad waste management practices can cause land and air pollution which can result in serious medical conditions in humans, animals, and even plants. Proper waste management done by companies like Science Park of the Philippines reduces pollution and helps save energy.
Solid waste management remains a major challenge in the Philippines especially in urban areas like Metro Manila. Improper wastes disposal, inefficient wastes collection and lack of disposal facilities are among the dominant concerns in the country’s solid waste management.
The Philippines is producing too much garbage that is way beyond its solid waste management capacity. The Philippines, with a population of over 100 million, is producing over 21 million metric tons of garbage every year. The country’s weighted average per capital generation is 0.4 kilos, or close to half a kilo.
5. CONCLUSION
To summarize, there are four major “facts” about waste that answer the question why participation and community mobilization is important in addressing problems on solid waste management
First, there is an increasing trend of population growth especially in developing countries. This means that the volume of waste generated per day is expected to continue increasing and therefore, might create serious damage to the environment and to human health if not be managed properly. In addition, this also reveals that “people are the problem, therefore people are also the solution” (Mother Earth Foundation nd
Second, based on research, it appears that the majority of waste generated is biodegrable and recyclable. To cite an example, the profile of Philippine waste shows that 30% of total waste generated is recyclable and around 45 % is biodegradable. Thus, if proper waste management is implemented, only 25 % of waste will be left for the local government to worry about (IIRR, LGSP, SANREM CRSP/Southeast Asia 2001) This case also reveals that waste is not always a problem but can also be considered a “resource” and therefore can generate a profit. In most developing countries like the Philippines, unemployment is one of the major problems. Therefore, if waste can be properly managed, it can also be a potential source of livelihood.
Third, the government alone often cannot solve the problem of solid waste management due to limited finances and lack of technical skills and human resources
especially in developing countries. Thus, participation and cooperation of different sectors of society is deemed necessary. In addition, as cited above, “people are the problem,” therefore waste is the concern of all.
Lastly, the solution to solid waste management problems does not always mean using expensive and advanced technologies, but rather identifying the local and appropriate technologies in the community. As the “appreciative inquiry” approach says. we should “focus on building capacity, valuing the strongest features of the community. envisioning what might be, discussing what should be, and achieving innovative solutions” (Badshah 1996; vix)
6. REFERENCE
Ancheta, Arlen A. 2005. “Power and Claims-making in the Social Construction of Solid Waste in Metropolitan Manila” Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of the Graduate School, University of the Philippines, Los Baños,
Atienza, Vella A. 2004. “Enhancing the role of the people’s organization, non government organizations, and local govemment units in solid waste management Experiences from the Philippines and Japan.” Journal of Asiatic Studies, 23 (1)
45-53. Badshah, Akhtar A. 1996. Our Urban Culture: New Paradigms for Equity and Sustainability USA: Zed Books
Business World Publishing Corporation, 10 February 2006. Espaldon, M.VO, and M.R.M. Baltazar, eds. 2004. Participatory Natural Resource Management for Sustainable Agriculture Quezon City, Philippines: Department Philippines, Diliman.
of Geography, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the HIRR, LGSP, SANREM CRSP/Southeast Asia, 2001. Enhancing Participation in Local
Governance: Experiences from the Philippines. Philippines International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Philippines-Canada Local Government Support Program and SANREM CRSP/Southeast Asia
Institute for Local Self-Reliance. 2000. “Wasting and recycling in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines,” Washington, DC.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank. (IBRD/WB). 1999. “What a waste: Solid waste management in AsiaUSA Japan Environmental Council (JEC), ed. 2005. The State of the Environment in Asia 2005/2006. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag.
Klundert, Amold van de and I. Lardinois. 1995. “Community and private (formal and
informal) sector involvement in municipal solid waste management in developing countries. Paper presented at the Ittingen Workshop jointly organized by the Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC) and Urban Management Programme
(UMP). Ittingen, Switzerland, 10-12 April 1995
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